Medications for RLS

The medications most commony prescribed for restless legs syndrome are dopaminergic agents, benzodiazepines, opioids, and anticonvulsants. For people whose symptoms come and go, medications are taken only when the symptoms are a problem.

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The class of drugs known as dopaminergic agents are normally the first choice for RLS. These drugs are approved mainly to treat Parkinson's disease; they alter the activity of dopamine, a chemical that carries messages in the central nervous system. However, ropinorole (brand name Requip) has also been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for moderate to severe RLS. Other dopaminergic drugs that may be given, although the Food and Drug Administration has not approved them for use in RLS, include levodopa plus carbidopa (Sinemet), pergolide (Permax), and pramipexole (Mirapex). Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. Augmentation, in which symptoms appear earlier in the day, is a problem with long-term use of these drugs. The solution to this problem is usually switching to another drug.

Benzodiazepines are a widely used group of sedatives, often prescribed for insomnia. They work by depressing the central nervous system. This group includes such drugs as diazepam (Valium), temazepam (Restoril), and clonazepam (Klonopin). A common side effect from these sedatives is sleepiness lasting into the next day.

Opioids such as codeine and oxycodone (OxyContin) may also be given for RLS. These drugs relieve pain and cause relaxation. Side effects include nausea, dizziness, and constipation. If these drugs are used long term, addiction can be problem.

Some doctors may recommend anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine (Tegretol) or gabapentin (Neurontin) to ease the creepy-crawly feelings of RLS. Side effects include dizziness and drowsiness.