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Decongestants
These medicines, available as tablet, syrup, or nasal spray, help unblock the openings of the sinuses and temporarily reduce symptoms of nasal congestion. Common over the counter decongestants include Sudafed® and Dimetapp® (pseudoephedrine). Decongestants containing pseudoephedrine must now be kept behind the pharmacy counter in the United States, but they are still available without a prescription. There is debate over whether ingredients that some manufacturers are substituting for pseudoephedrine work as well.
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Combination decongestant/antihistamine medicines are available over the counter. Read the label to see what is in the over-the-counter medicine you are buying and discuss the medicine with your healthcare provider.
Topical nasal decongestants (sprays) can be highly effective in the immediate shrinking of swollen nasal tissue. However these sprays must be used for no more than three consecutive days because more prolonged use can cause rebound nasal congestion with increased symptoms.
Systemic decongestants (taken by mouth) have the same effect of decreasing the swelling of the lining of the nose and promoting drainage of the sinuses. However, since higher concentrations are present in the bloodstream, systemic decongestants are more likely to cause side effects than are sprays. These may include high blood pressure, anxiety, sleeplessness, prostate problems in men, and the "jitters". You should always discuss the use of these medications with your physician.
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