Computed tomography (CT or CAT scan)

Computed tomography is a specialized imaging technique that uses X-ray images collected from many different angles around the body to generate detailed cross-sectional images as well as three-dimensional images of the body's internal structures and organs. With congenital heart disease, CT scans are used to identify and delineate structural abnormalities in the heart, lungs, and major arteries.

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The procedure is painless and requires the patient to lie as still as possible while a device resembling a giant donut rotates about the body. Called a gantry, it directs small doses of electromagnetic radiation toward the body from various angles. The different tissues absorb varying amounts of radiation. The radiation leaving the body is recorded inside the gantry and interpreted by a computer, which compiles the images for display on a monitor. Sedatives may be used on infants or toddlers having this procedure because movement can blur the image and lead to incorrect results.

Sometimes a contrast medium, or dye, is injected into a vein to help depict the blood vessels and structures of the heart during a CT scan. If a dye is used, patients typically fast for a few hours before the procedure. Although rare, the contrast medium involved in a CT scan may cause an allergic reaction, the most common of which is hives or a feeling of itchiness. In people with asthma, the allergic reaction may manifest as an asthma attack. In very rare instances, a patient may experience swelling in the throat or other areas of the body. If you experience hives, itchiness, or swelling in your throat during or after your CT scan, immediately tell the technologist or doctor.

The CT scan involves exposure to a small amount of radiation. For most patients, the benefits far outweigh the minor risks associated with exposure to this low level of radiation. However, pregnant women may prefer to postpone getting a CT scan until after they've delivered or choose alternative testing procedures. Individuals with pacemakers or internal cardioverter defibrillators who have been advised to avoid MRIs can safely have a CT scan.