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Neuropathy
Chronically high blood-glucose levels can cause nerve damage, or neuropathy. This often results in pain in the extremities--the legs and feet, for example. Over time, the pain can subside and be replaced by numbness, as nerve damage becomes nerve-cell death.
When the damaged nerves influence how well your stomach and intestines clear food through your system, a condition called gastroparesis develops; symptoms can include abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Nerve damage in other areas of the body might mean incomplete emptying of the bladder, incontinence, or sexual dysfunction. Damage to nerves that regulate blood flow and blood pressure can cause significant drops in blood pressure--and lightheadedness or fainting--when you sit or stand.
If you begin to show signs of neuropathy, the most important thing you can do is try and prevent further damage by making sure your blood glucose is under control. Sometimes, improving blood glucose control can lessen symptoms of neuropathy over time, even as it's helping to prevent further damage. Nerves do not grow back, however. Once pain is replaced with numbness--a sign the nerves are dead--the numbness will not go away.
This section contains information on managing the pain of neuropathy
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