Lower GI series

A lower GI series is a radiological examination of the large intestine, including the rectum. It is sometimes called a barium enema because of the white, chalky substance administered to patients prior to the exam. The barium preparation (a contrast dye) outlines the colon and rectum in the X-rays, which allows the doctor to view tumors or other abnormal tissues. During so-called double-contrast barium enema, the doctor also expands the colon by gently pumping air into it.

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Prior to the test, the patient may have to undergo a preparation that includes a liquid diet and enemas or special fluids to clear stool from the colon. The barium preparation is administered through a rectal tube. The test takes about 20 minutes and may involve some discomfort, although no sedation is required.

The entire colon may be examined, though overlapping loops of the bowel may be difficult areas to interpret. The complication rate with the procedure is very low. Because this procedure may miss small tumors, doctors often recommend colonoscopy.