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Controlling blood pressure: High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most important single risk factor for stroke. Even mild hypertension increases risk. In general, an ideal blood pressure is 120/80 or below. Elevated blood pressure promotes atherosclerosis and puts abnormal pressure on blood vessel walls, which can cause a rupture at a weak spot. Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because there may be no obvious symptoms. So it is important to check your blood pressure regularly. Controlling blood pressure, whether by a low-sodium diet, weight control, regular exercise, stress management, or medication, will reduce your risk of stroke. Medication to control hypertension is effective only if taken on a regular basis, so it is important to follow your doctor's instructions.
Treatment of hypertension in older adults is important. However, in the elderly an abrupt fall in blood pressure may actually cause a stroke. As a result, older individuals who need to reduce their blood pressure may need to start with small doses of medication so that blood pressure is reduced gradually.
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Treating heart disease: A variety of heart conditions, including irregular heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation), heart attacks, and heart valve disorders, can cause stroke. Treatment of these disorders will reduce stroke risk.
