Physical examination

A physical examination typically focuses on the back, legs, and feet. The doctor will look at a patient's posture and curvature of the spine; a hands-on examination of tender areas in the back may provide clues to the origin of the pain.

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A neurological exam, including tests of sensation, strength, and reflexes, will be conducted as well. These tests are important in the case of disorders such as disk herniation and spinal stenosis, since the nerves issuing from each level of the spine are responsible for sensation and muscle strength in specific parts of the body.

A rectal examination may be done to assess nerve function of the anus, because its nerves also arise from the lower lumbar spine.