Asthma triggers: mold and mildew

In the outdoors, molds are a necessary part of the environment and help break down organic matter. Unfortunately, these tiny plants also grow on many common building materials when they become damp. Mold spores, the reproductive "seeds" of molds that are invisible to the naked eye, enter homes through open doorways and windows, heating and air conditioning systems, human clothing, and pet hair.

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Molds grow where leaks have occurred in roofs, pipes, and walls, where there has been flooding, and in damp basements or crawl spaces. They can develop within 24 to 48 hours of water exposure and will continue to grow until steps are taken to eliminate the source of moisture and remove the existing mold. To reduce exposure to mold, you can do the following:

• Air out damp, humid areas, like the basement. Run a dehumidifier to keep humidity between 25 and 50 percent.
• Use air conditioners when possible.
• Clean bathrooms regularly using products that kill and prevent mold. Use exhaust fans to vent steam. Do not carpet the bathroom.
• Keep indoor plants out of bedrooms.
• When painting, add mold inhibitor to paint.
• Avoid sources of outdoor molds, such as wet leaves or garden debris.
• If you believe you have a serious mold problem or have existing health problems (especially respiratory problems), consider hiring a contractor who has experience with cleaning mold.
• Because mold releases mold spores when disturbed, use extreme caution when cleaning and removing items that are moldy or consider hiring a professional.
• If mold is growing in your home, you have a moisture problem that needs to be addressed. Steps to take include fixing leaky pipes, repairing damaged roofing material that has allowed moisture into your home, and making sure the ground around the house slopes away from the house to keep the basement and crawl space dry.
• Do not use a fan if mold is already present. Fans will blow and spread mold spores throughout the home.
• Insulate cold surfaces, such as cold water pipes, to reduce the potential for condensation.
• Routinely check moisture-prone areas such as bathrooms and basements for signs of mold. Make sure these areas are ventilated (open doors and windows as needed), and clean them more frequently. Disinfect surfaces with a 10 percent bleach solution.
• Make sure your home has adequate ventilation, including exhaust fans in the kitchen and bathroom.